Straight-shovel-type working equipment of a single-bucket excavator

ABSTRACT

A single-bucket excavator comprises a boom with a grip mounted thereon and turnable about its longitudinal axis. A bucket is mounted on the grip and is suspended on movable pulleys of two double pulley block and tackle systems containing a balancing system which transmits loads to the boom via a spring-loaded friction device.

United States Patent Inventors Boris Ivanovich Solokhin prospekt Lenina,21, kv. 40, Kolpino; Vladimir losifovich Khazak, prospektDalnevostoclmy, 60, kv. 4, Leningrad; Viktor Alanasievich Kartashov,ulitsa Zapadnayn, 25, kv. 2, Kolpino Leningradskoi Obiast, all ofU.S.S.R.

Appl. No. 746,093

Filed July 19, 1968 Patented Sept. 28, 1971 STRAIGHT-SHOVEL-TYPE WORKINGEQUIPMENT OF A SINGLE-BUCKET EXCAVATOR 7 Claims, 4 Drawing Figs.

US. (I 214/135 Int. E02 3/62 Field oiSearch 214/135,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,733,753 10/1929 Rauch214/135 2,669,449 2/1954 Gross 214/13sx FOREIGN PATENTS 1,463,26911/1966 France 214/135 Primary Examiner-Gerald M. Forlenza AssistantExaminer-Frank E. Werner Attorney-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz & NissenABSTRACT: A single-bucket excavator comprises a boom with a grip mountedthereon and tumable about its longitudinal axis. A bucket is mounted onthe grip and is suspended on movable pulleys of two double pulley blockand tackle systems containing a balancing system which transmits loadsto the boom via a spring-loaded friction device.

PATENTEUSEP28I97I 360817755 sum 1 OF 2 STRAIGHT-SIIOVEL-TYPE WORKINGEQUIPMENT OF A SINGLE-BUCKET EXCAVATOR The present invention relates tosingle-bucket excavators, and more particularly to equipment of thestraight-shovel type. Most particularly, the invention relates toworking equipment wherein a support or grip" has a bucket fixed theretoand suspended on two pulley blocks, thegrip and bucket being so mountedthat they are not fixed against rotation about the longitudinal axis ofthe grip. In known equipment of this type, the pulley blocks for bucketsuspension are independent of each other.

Despite a number of advantages which said known equipment has over otherarrangements of the straight-shovel type, it fails to provide uniformdistribution of loads among the pulley blocks.

The said disadvantage necessitates an increase of rope diameter, as wellas a greater weight of the hoisting winch and metal parts of theexcavator.

It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantageof the afnredescribed equipment.

This object is accomplished in the aforedescribed type of equipment byinterconnecting the ends of the pulley block ropes on a link providingfor balancing the loads among the pulley blocks.

When operating on rocky terrain, it is preferred to equip the linkproviding for the balancing of the loads with a resilient absorbingdevice to reduce the dynamic loads thereof.

It is also preferred to dispose the movable pulleys of the pulley blocksin the plane of the bucket rocker to prevent the displacement of theends of the pulley block ropes on the aforesaid link, which displacementmay take place when the bucket with the grip or handle turns about thelongitudinal axis of the latter, with the cutting edge of the bucketbeing nonuniformly loaded.

In order to decrease the turn angle of the bucket with the grip orhandle about its longitudinal axis, the axis of the movable pulleys ofthe pulley blocks is made stationary with respect to the bucket in theplane of its rocker, this making the bucket more stable.

The following detailed description of one embodiment of the invention isgiven with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an excavator provided withstraight-shovel-type working equipment made in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the winding of the hoisting mechanismropes of the equipment of FIG. I;

FlG..3 is a suspension unit of the bucket in the equipment of FIG. I;and

FIG. 4 is a mounting unit for the resilient absorbing device in theequipment of FIG. 1.

The working equipment of the invention consists of a boom 1 (FIG. I), asingle-beam grip or handle 2 mounted on said boom in such a way that itis not fixed against turning about its longitudinal axis, and a bucket 3mounted together with said grip and suspended on two double pulleyblocks 4 and 5 (FIG. 2).

Movable pulleys 6 and 7 of the pulley blocks are disposed in the planeof the bucket rocker 8 (FIG. 3).

The axle 9 of the pulleys 6 and 7 is stationary such that the carrier inwhich it is mounted cannot pivot with respect to the bucket in the planeof the rocker 8, that is, the rocker 8 couples axle 9 to bucket 3 sothat a plane perpendicular to bucket 3 always passes through axle 9 eventhough axle 9 can tilt relative to grip 2.

The ends of the ropes of the pulley blocks 4 and 5 are interconnected atand form a continuous member to embrace a guide 10 (FIGS. 2 and 4) whichis essentially a link providing for balancing the loads among the pulleyblocks. The semipulley or guide 10 transmits the load to the boom 1through a spring-loaded friction device 11 disposed in a housing 12rigidly secured on said boom in whose guides the semipulley 10 ismounted.

The spring-loaded friction device 11 consists of a pressing a spring 16,a cup 17 and a coupling bolt which is provided with a nut 18, by meansof which the device may be adjusted in advance for a required load.

A rubber, hydraulic or other such similar device may be used as theresilient, absorbing device.

When hanging new ropes for the pulley blocks, the semipulley 10 providesfor complete balancing of the loads between the pulley blocks, saidbalancing being maintained for all further cases of bucket loading asmay occur in the course of digging.

The pulleys 6 and 7 are disposed in the plane of the bucket rocker 8. Incase the cutting edge of the bucket is nonuniformly loaded and saidbucket together with the grip 2 turns about its longitudinal axis, thepulleys 6 and 7 roll along the ropes of the pulley blocks.

As the axle 9 of the movable pulleys of the pulley blocks is stationarywith respect to the bucket as described above the angle of turn of thebucket and the grip about the longitudinal axis of the latter isreduced, which provides for a greater stability of the bucket.

When operating in rocky soils, the improvement proposed herein makes itpossible, due to the employment of the springloaded friction device 11,to considerably reduce dynamic loads.

When loads are greater than those for which spring-loaded frictiondevice is adjusted, the semipulley 10 provides for a displacement of thepressing cone 13 which, acting upon the wedges 14, makes the latter drawtogether and move inside the cup 17 provided in this zone with an innertapered surface. The load transmitted from the wedges l4 and spring 16to the cup 17 is received by the housing 12 rigidly connected to theboom 1.

Sixty to ninety percent of the energy of moving masses, transmitted tothe device 11, is absorbed due to the nonreversible work produced by thefriction forces of the wedges 14 along the cup 17, pressing cone l3 andpressing washer 15.

For an effective operation of the resilient, absorbing link it isnecessary that the latter should remain resilient at maximum ib slaaalleys s i sd 1. Apparatus comprising a boom, an elongated handle inintersecting relation with said boom, said handle being rotatablysupported on said boom about the longitudinal axis of said handle, abucket fixed to said handle and being capable of turning movementtogether with the handle about the longitudinal axis of the latter, andpulley means for operating said bucket, said pulley means includingpulleys coupled to said bucket, a resilient link affixed to said boom,and lines encircling respective of said pulleys and looping around saidlink to was? assessm nts? ai P rse-V 2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1,wherein said lines have ends interconnected at said link and other ends,comprising @seaslq wigsiypand rel ase s i qtbs sa s 3. Apparatus asclaimed in claim 1, wherein said pulleys are coaxial and have an axisextending transversely of a plane fixed relative to said bucket, saidapparatus further comprising rocker means having an extent defining saidplane and coupling said pulleys to said bucket to allow the axis topivot, within a further plane transverse of said first-named plane,relative to said bucket.

4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein said pulleys are arrangedsubstantially in said first-named plane.

5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said resilient link includesa guide element, and a spring-loaded device resiliently connected tosaid guide element.

6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein said springloaded deviceincludes a housing, a pressing member, means supporting said guideelement, and a spring interposed between said pressing member and saidhousing for urging aipts s ss m mb r tow rd. guise element.

7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6 including wedge means 7 in saidhousing and a conical member interposed between said

1. Apparatus comprising a boom, an elongated handle in intersectingrelation with said boom, said handle being rotatably supported on saidboom about the longitudinal axis of said handle, a bucket fixed to saidhandle and being capable of turning movement together with the handleabout the longitudinal axis of the latter, and pulley means foroperating said bucket, said pulley means including pulleys coupled tosaid bucket, a resilient link affixed to said boom, and lines encirclingrespective of said pulleys and looping around said link to absorbdisplacement of said bucket.
 2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, whereinsaid lines have ends interconnected at said link and other ends,comprising means to wind up and release said other ends.
 3. Apparatus asclaimed in claim 1, wherein said pulleys are coaxial and have an axisextending transversely of a plane fixed relative to said bucket, saidapparatus further comprising rocker means having an extent definIng saidplane and coupling said pulleys to said bucket to allow the axis topivot, within a further plane transverse of said first-named plane,relative to said bucket.
 4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein saidpulleys are arranged substantially in said first-named plane. 5.Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said resilient link includes aguide element, and a spring-loaded device resiliently connected to saidguide element.
 6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein saidspring-loaded device includes a housing, a pressing member, meanssupporting said guide element, and a spring interposed between saidpressing member and said housing for urging said pressing member towardsaid guide element.
 7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6 including wedgemeans in said housing and a conical member interposed between said wedgemeans and guide element.